Sodium Hydroxide Granules Caustic Soda Pearls
Sodium hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda and is known as "Brother's" in Hong Kong because of this nickname. It is an inorganic compound and a white crystal at normal temperature, with strong corrosivity. It is a very common alkali, and has its presence in chemical industry, metallurgy, paper making, petroleum, textile, food, even cosmetics and cream industries.
Sodium hydroxide is extremely soluble in water and releases a lot of heat in the presence of water and steam. When exposed to the air, sodium hydroxide will absorb the moisture in the air, and gradually dissolve when the surface is wet, this is what we usually call "deliquescence "On the other hand, it will react with carbon dioxide in the air and deteriorate. Therefore, special care should be taken in the storage and packaging of sodium hydroxide. In addition to the characteristics of being soluble in water, sodium hydroxide is also soluble in ethanol, glycerol, but not in ether, acetone, and liquid ammonia. In addition, it should be noted that the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is strongly alkaline, astringent and greasy, and has strong corrosivity.
The sodium hydroxide sold on the market can be divided into pure solid caustic soda and pure liquid caustic soda. Among them, the pure solid caustic soda is white, in the form of block, sheet, rod and particle, and brittle; Pure liquid caustic soda is colorless and transparent liquid.
From the nature of sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide has corrosive effects on fibers, skin, glass, ceramics, etc; Neutralize with acids to form salt and water; React with metal aluminum and zinc, non-metallic boron and silicon to release hydrogen; Disproportionation reaction with chlorine, bromine, iodine and other halogens; It can precipitate metal ions from aqueous solution into hydroxide; It can make the oil saponify and produce the corresponding sodium salt and alcohol of organic acid, which is also the principle of removing oil stains on the fabric. It can be seen that sodium hydroxide is widely used. The sector that uses sodium hydroxide most is the manufacturing of chemicals, followed by paper making, aluminum smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, rayon and soap manufacturing. In addition, in the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals and organic intermediates, the regeneration of old rubber, the electrolysis of metal sodium and water, and the production of inorganic salts, the production of borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, etc., also requires the use of a large amount of caustic soda. At the same time, sodium hydroxide is one of the important raw materials for producing polycarbonate, super absorbent polymer, zeolite, epoxy resin, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfite and a large amount of sodium salt. In the overview of sodium hydroxide, we mentioned that sodium hydroxide is widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, paper making, petroleum, textile, food and even cosmetics cream.
Now, we will introduce the application of sodium hydroxide in various fields in detail.
As a strong alkaline chemical raw material, sodium hydroxide can be used to produce borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, etc., or used in inorganic chemical industry and organic chemical industry.
1) Inorganic chemical industry:
① It is used to manufacture various sodium salts and heavy metal hydroxides.
② It is used for alkaline leaching of ores.
③ Adjust the pH value of various reaction solutions.
2) Organic chemical industry:
① Sodium hydroxide is used for saponification reaction to produce nucleophilic anionic intermediate.
② Dehalogenation of halogenated compounds.
③ Hydroxyl compounds are produced by alkali melting.
④ Free alkali is produced from the salt of organic alkali.
⑤ It is used as an alkaline catalyst in many organic chemical reactions.
Sodium hydroxide saponified oil can be used to make soap and react with alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid to produce the active component of detergent. In addition, sodium hydroxide can also be used to produce sodium phosphate as a component of detergent.
1) Soap:
Soap manufacturing is the oldest and most extensive use of caustic soda.
Sodium hydroxide has been used for traditional daily use. Until today, the demand for caustic soda for soap, soap and other kinds of washing products still accounts for about 15% of caustic soda.
The main component of fat and vegetable oil is triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Its alkali hydrolysis equation is:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (grease)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONa) (higher fatty acid sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)
This reaction is the principle of producing soap, so it is named saponification reaction.
Of course, the R base in this process may be different, but the generated R-COONA can be used as soap.
Common R - are:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH is oleic acid.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH is palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH is stearic acid.
2) Detergent:
Sodium hydroxide is used to produce various detergents, and even today's washing powder (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and other components) is also produced from a large amount of caustic soda, which is used to neutralize the excess fuming sulfuric acid after sulfonation reaction.
1) The textile industry often uses sodium hydroxide solution to produce viscose fiber. Artificial fibers, such as rayon, rayon, and rayon, are mostly viscose fibers, which are made from cellulose, sodium hydroxide, and carbon disulfide (CS2) as raw materials into viscose solution, and then spun and condensed.
2) Sodium hydroxide can also be used for fiber treatment and dyeing, and for mercerizing cotton fiber. After the cotton fabric is treated with caustic soda solution, the wax, grease, starch and other substances covering the cotton fabric can be removed, and the mercerizing color of the fabric can be increased to make the dyeing more uniform.
1) Use sodium hydroxide to process bauxite to extract pure alumina;
2) Use sodium hydroxide to extract tungstate as raw material for tungsten smelting from wolframite;
3) Sodium hydroxide is also used to produce zinc alloy and zinc ingot;
4) After being washed with sulfuric acid, petroleum products still contain some acidic substances. They must be washed with sodium hydroxide solution and then washed with water to get refined products.
Medicine
Sodium hydroxide can be used as a disinfectant. Prepare 1% or 2% caustic soda water solution, which can be used as a disinfectant for the food industry, and can also disinfect tools, machinery, and workshops contaminated by oil dirt or concentrated sugar.
Paper making
Sodium hydroxide plays an important role in the paper industry. Due to its alkaline nature, it is used in the process of boiling and bleaching paper.
The raw materials for papermaking are wood or grass plants, which contain not only cellulose, but also a considerable amount of non-cellulose (lignin, gum, etc.). Adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution can dissolve and separate non-cellulose components, thus making pulp with cellulose as the main component.
In food processing, sodium hydroxide can be used as an acid neutralizer, and can also be used to peel fruit lye. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used for peeling varies with the variety of fruit. For example, 0.8% sodium hydroxide solution is used in the production of canned oranges with full de-coated sugar syrup; For example, sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 13%~16% is used to produce sugar water peach.
China's National Food Safety Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB2760-2014) stipulates that sodium hydroxide can be used as a processing aid for the food industry, and the residue is not limited.
Sodium hydroxide is widely used in water treatment. In sewage treatment plants, sodium hydroxide can reduce the hardness of water through neutralization reaction. In the industrial field, it is the regenerant of ion exchange resin regeneration. Sodium hydroxide has strong alkalinity and relatively high solubility in water. Because sodium hydroxide has relatively high solubility in water, it is easy to measure the dosage and can be used in various fields of water treatment.
The use of sodium hydroxide in water treatment includes the following points:
1) Eliminate water hardness;
2) Adjust the pH value of water;
3) Neutralize the wastewater;
4) Eliminate heavy metal ions in water through precipitation;
5) Regeneration of ion exchange resin.
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Storage:Store sodium hydroxide in a watertight container, place it in a clean and cool place, and isolate it from the workplace and taboos. The storage area shall have separate ventilation equipment. The packaging, loading and unloading of solid flake and granular caustic soda should be handled with care to prevent the package from being damaged to human body.
Packing: Industrial solid caustic soda shall be packed in iron drums or other closed containers with a wall thickness of 0 Above 5mm, pressure resistance above 0.5Pa, barrel lid must be sealed firmly, net weight of each barrel is 200kg, and flake alkali is 25kg. The package shall be clearly marked with "corrosive substances". When edible liquid caustic soda is transported by tank car or storage tank, it must be cleaned after being used twice.
Use：Sodium hydroxide is widely used. In addition to being used as a reagent in chemical experiments, it can also be used as an alkaline desiccant because of its strong water absorption. Sodium hydroxide is widely used in the national economy, and many industrial departments need it. The sector that uses sodium hydroxide most is the manufacturing of chemicals, followed by paper making, aluminum smelting, tungsten smelting, rayon, rayon and soap manufacturing. In addition, in the production of dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals and organic intermediates, the regeneration of old rubber, the electrolysis of metal sodium and water, and the production of inorganic salts, the production of borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, etc., also requires the use of a large amount of caustic soda.
Introduction:
The pure anhydrous sodium hydroxide is a white translucent crystalline solid. Sodium hydroxide is very soluble in water, and its solubility increases with the increase of temperature. When it is dissolved, it can release a lot of heat. At 288K, its saturated solution concentration can reach 26.4 mol/L (1:1). Its aqueous solution has astringent taste and greasy feeling. The solution is strong alkaline and has all the general properties of alkali. There are two kinds of caustic soda sold in the market: solid caustic soda is white, and it is in the form of block, sheet, rod and granule, and it is brittle; Pure liquid caustic soda is colorless and transparent liquid. Sodium hydroxide is also soluble in ethanol and glycerol; However, it is insoluble in ether, acetone and liquid ammonia.
Appearance:White translucent crystalline solid
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